When Does Debt Expire in the U.S.? Understanding the Statute of Limitations
When Does Debt Expire in the U.S.? Understanding the Statute of Limitations
If you’ve ever had an old debt come back to haunt you, you may have wondered: Can they still collect on this? Can I be sued?
In the U.S., debt doesn't technically "expire," but the Statute of Limitations (SOL) determines how long a creditor can sue you.
π What Is the Statute of Limitations on Debt?
The statute of limitations is a legal time limit for a creditor to file a lawsuit to collect a debt.
Once it expires, they can no longer legally sue you — but they can still try to collect.
π How Long Is the Time Limit?
It depends on:
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The type of debt
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The state you live in
| Debt Type | Typical SOL Range |
|---|---|
| Credit card debt | 3–6 years |
| Personal loans | 3–10 years |
| Medical bills | 3–6 years |
| Auto loans | 4–6 years |
| Mortgage debt | Up to 10 years |
π Always check your state's laws — they vary widely.
⚠️ Important: The Clock Can Restart
The SOL resets if you:
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Make a payment
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Acknowledge the debt in writing
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Enter into a new agreement
This is called “re-aging” the debt — it gives the collector more time to sue.
π Can Collectors Still Call?
Yes — even if the SOL has expired, collectors may:
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Call or send letters
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Ask for voluntary payment
But they cannot sue, and they must stop if you request in writing
π₯ What If You’re Sued After the SOL?
You must respond in court and raise the SOL as a defense.
If you ignore it, the court may still grant a judgment against you.
π Conclusion
Debt doesn’t vanish — but your legal obligation to pay can expire.
Understanding the Statute of Limitations can protect you from unfair lawsuits and help you make informed financial decisions.
Always check your state’s specific rules, and when in doubt, speak to a debt attorney or consumer rights advocate.
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